This article appeared as part of a feature in the December 8, 1995 issue of Executive Intelligence Review. See Feature Introduction and Table of Contents.
The Windsors’ Global Food Cartel:
Instrument for Starvation
by Richard Freeman
Ten
to twelve pivotal companies, assisted by another three dozen, run the
world’s food supply. They are the key components of the
Anglo-Dutch-Swiss food cartel, which is grouped around Britain’s House
of Windsor. Led by the six leading grain companies—Cargill, Continental,
Louis Dreyfus, Bunge and Born, André, and Archer Daniels
Midland/Töpfer—the Windsor-led food and raw materials cartel has
complete domination over world cereals and grains supplies, from wheat
to corn and oats, from barley to sorghum and rye. But it also controls
meat, dairy, edible oils and fats, fruits and vegetables, sugar, and all
forms of spices.
Each
year tens of millions die from the most elementary lack of their daily
bread. This is the result of the work of the Windsor-led cartel. And, as
the ongoing financial collapse wipes out bloated speculative financial
paper, the oligarchy has moved into hoarding, increasing its food and
raw materials holdings. It is prepared to apply a tourniquet to food
production and export supplies, not only to poor nations, but to
advanced sector nations as well.
The
use of food as a weapon can be found at least four millennia ago in
Babylon. Imperial Rome took this tack, as did Venice and various
Venetian offshoots, including the Antwerp-centered, powerful Burgundian
duchy, and the Dutch and British Levant companies, East India companies,
and West India companies. Today, food warfare is firmly under the
control of London, with the help of subordinate partners in especially
Switzerland and Amsterdam. Today’s food companies were created by having
had a section of this ancient set of
Mesopotamian-Roman-Venetian-British food networks and infrastructure
carved out for them.
The
Windsor-led oligarchy has built up a single, integrated raw materials
cartel, with three divisions—energy, raw materials and minerals, and
increasingly scarce food supplies. Figure 1 represents the
situation. At the top is the House of Windsor and Club of the Isles.
Right below are two of the principal appurtenances of the House of
Windsor: the World Wide Fund for Nature, headed by the Doge of London,
Prince Philip, which leads the world in orchestration of ethnic conflict
and terrorism, such as the British-created afghansi movement; and
British intelligence’s Hollinger Corp. of Conrad Black, which is leading
the assault to destroy Bill Clinton and the American Presidency.
The
firms within each cartel group are listed. While they maintain the
legal fiction of being different corporate organizations, in reality
this is one interlocking syndicate, with a common purpose and multiple
overlapping boards of directors. The Windsor-centered oligarchy owns
these cartels, and they are the instruments of power of the oligarchy,
accumulated over centuries, for breaking nations’ sovereignty.
The
control works as follows: The oligarchy has developed four regions to
be the principal exporters of almost every type of food; the oligarchy
has historically acquired top-down control over the food chain in these
regions. These four regions are: the United States; the European Union,
particularly France and Germany; the British Commonwealth nations of
Australia, Canada, the Republic of South Africa, and New Zealand; and
Argentina and Brazil in Ibero-America. Through the centuries, the
oligarchy has taken control of these regions’ markets, and thus over the
world food supply. These four regions have a population of, at most,
900 million people, or 15% of the world’s population. The rest of the
world, with 85% of the population—4.7 billion people—is dependent on the
food exports from those regions.
British
food cartel control intensified after World War II. Regions such as
America had long been seen as important areas in which to increase
control, in order to maintain the cartel’s global domination, especially
around the turn of the twentieth century when Minneapolis, under the
control of the Pillsbury and Peavey families, replaced Hungary as the
world’s major miller of grain. But before World War II, the amount of
grain that crossed borders, or oceans, seldom exceeded 30 million tons a
year. America’s share of that was usually 10 million tons or less. This
was a substantial amount, but small compared to the levels of trade
that would follow. World War II ravaged the globe, creating mass hunger,
especially in Europe and what is today the Third World. Under the
impetus of American programs such as “Food for Peace,” PL 480, the
worldwide trade in grain shot up to 160 million tons by 1979. Today it
is 215 million tons per year. In addition, tens of millions of tons of
other foodstuffs, from meat to dairy, are traded each year.
It
is proper for countries with grain, meat, dairy, and other surpluses to
export them. But the cartel’s four exporting regions were given
preeminence in a brutal manner, while much of the rest of the world was
thrust into enforced backwardness. The oligarchy denied these nations
seed, fertilizer, water management, electricity, rail transportation,
that is, all the infrastructural and capital goods inputs needed to turn
them into self-sufficient food producers. These nations were reduced to
the status of vassals: Either import from the cartel’s export regions,
or starve.
Meanwhile,
the Anglo-Dutch-Swiss food cartel reduced the export regions, which
supposedly enjoy favored status, to a state of servitude as well. During
the last two decades, millions of farmers in the United States, Europe,
Canada, Australia, and Argentina have been wiped out. For example, in
1982, the United States still had 600,000 independent hog farmers.
Today, that number is less than 225,000. The food cartel companies have
concentrated hog production into their own hands. Farmers were paid far
below a parity price, i.e., a price that covers costs of agricultural
production plus a fair profit for investment in future production.
In
1983, Robert Bergland, President Jimmy Carter’s agriculture secretary
in 1976-80, told an interviewer concerning Cargill, the world’s largest
grain company: “Cargill’s view is … [that] they generally regard the
United States as a grain colony.” Bergland continued, “When [in 1979]
the Russians invaded Afghanistan and Jimmy Carter asked how much grain
the Russians had bought [from the United States] … we couldn’t tell him
because we didn’t know.” But Cargill and the other grain cartel
companies knew. In 1976, when Cargill, Continental, and other grain
cartel companies sold the Russians a record 12.4 million tons of
American and Canadian grain (creating a grain shortage in the United
States), the administration of President Gerald Ford learned of the
sales only after the fact. The grain may have been American grown, but
the Anglo-Dutch-Swiss cartel disposes of it as it pleases.
This
article will document, for the first time, the extent of concentration
and control that the British-centered raw materials cartel exercises
over both the international and domestic trade in food. It will look at
the food cartel’s international and domestic control of grains, milk,
edible oils and fats, and meat. The article which follows provides a
more detailed profile, with names and addresses, of the key forces in
the cartel’s control of the world’s food supply.
Concentration in four food groups
Grains
and grain products, milk and dairy products, edible oils and fats, and
meat provide the majority of the intake of calories, as well as proteins
and vitamins, which keeps the human species alive. Grain and grain
products can be consumed as animal feed (especially corn and oats), and
directly for human consumption, sometimes in grain form (the case of
rice or barley), but often in a milled form, such as in bread and
tortillas.
The
“Big Six” leading grain cartel companies are: Minneapolis- and
Geneva-based Cargill; New York-based Continental; Paris-based Louis
Dreyfus; São Paulo, Brazil- and Netherlands, Antilles-based Bunge and
Born; Lausanne, Switzerland-based André; and Illinois- and Hamburg,
Germany-based Archer Daniels Midland/Töpfer. The first five of the
companies are privately owned and run by billionaire families. They
issue no public stock, nor annual report. They are more secretive than
any oil company, bank, or government intelligence service. Just two of
these companies, Cargill and Continental, control 45-50% of the world’s
grain trade.
We look at the food cartel’s control over each of the four dominant food groups.
Grains:
Grains, or cereals as they are often called, consist of wheat; the
coarse grains, including corn, barley, oats, sorghum, and rye; and rice.
The Anglo-Dutch-Swiss cartel’s control over wheat exports is shown in Figure 2.
For the crop year 1994-95, the cartel’s four food export regions
produced and traded 88% of the world’s wheat exports of 97.2 million
metric tons.
But,
the four cartel food export regions, while accounting for 88% of
worldwide wheat exports, accounted for only 39% of all the world’s wheat
production of 522.4 million metric tons in the 1994-95 crop year (see
Figure 2). That is, their share of world wheat exports was more than
double their share of world wheat output. This underscores the point
that the cartel built up four regions as the choke points over the
world’s food supply, even though these regions, collectively, are not
often the largest producers.
Figure 3
shows, for the 1994-95 crop year, the percentages that the cartel’s
four food export regions control of the exports of the leading coarse
grains. They control 95% of world annual corn exports, of 69.9 million
metric tons; 76% of world barley exports, of 14.8 million metric tons;
and 97% of world sorghum (milo) exports, of 6 million metric tons.
Within
these export regions, the cartel’s six leading grain companies have,
historically, built up total domination of the external grain markets.
While the cartel’s export regions dominate 76-97% of the world’s grain
trade, depending on the grain, the cartel’s six grain companies also
control the exports of the four regions.
For
example, in the 1994-95 crop year, the United States exported 102 of
the world’s 215 million metric tons in grain exports, nearly half the
total. It accounted for 33% of world wheat exports, 83% of world corn
exports, and 89% of world sorghum exports, making it the leading
exporter in each of these three markets.
Now,
let us turn to the leading grain companies’ command of America’s grain
export market, with America itself controlling nearly one-half of all
world grain exports. Figure 4 shows that the cartel’s Big Six
grain trading companies own and control 95% of America’s wheat exports,
95% of its corn exports, 90% of its oats exports, and 80% of its sorghum
exports. A few smaller companies, almost all in the grain cartel’s
orbit, control the remaining market share. The grain companies’ control
over the American grain market is absolute.
The
Big Six grain companies also control 60-70% of France’s grain exports.
France is the biggest grain exporter in Europe (the world’s second
largest grain exporting region), exporting more grain than the next
three largest European grain exporting nations combined.
Figure 5
shows that the Big Six, along with some affiliated Argentine companies
such as Nidera and ACA, control 67.8%, or two-thirds, of Argentina’s
grain exports. Argentina is the fourth largest grain exporter in the
world.
Canada
and Australia combined are the world’s third largest grain exporting
region, after America and Europe. Although they have their own unique
internal picture, with a modicum of political influence from farmers,
both are British Commonwealth nations, under the thumb of Queen
Elizabeth II.
In
sum, the Anglo-Dutch-Swiss food cartel dominates 80-90% of the world
grain trade. In fact, however, the control is far greater than the sum
of its parts: The Big Six grain companies are organized as a cartel;
they move grain back and forth from any one of the major, or minor,
exporting nations. Cargill, Continental, Louis Dreyfus et al. own world
shipping fleets, and have long-established sales relationships,
financial markets, and commodity trading exchanges (such as the
London-based Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange) on which grain is
traded, which completes their domination. No other forces in the world,
including governments, are as well organized as the cartel, and
therefore, London’s power in this area remains unchallenged.
Milk and Milk Products:
The big exporters of milk and milk products are three out of the
cartel’s four basic export regions: the United States; the European
Union plus Switzerland (which is not an EU member); and the British
Commonwealth countries of New Zealand, in particular, and Australia.
In 1994, the cartel’s domination of dairy and dairy products was astonishing. Figure 6
shows that the cartel’s food export regions controlled 89% of the
world’s export of whole milk powder, of 1.08 billion metric tons; 94% of
the world’s export trade of 653 million metric tons of butter; and 86%
of the world’s export trade of 1.11 billion metric tons of cheese. It
also controlled a huge portion of the export of condensed milk.
The
case of whole milk powder exemplifies the process of the cartel’s
control. Milk is not usually exported in liquid form, except for short
distances over nearby borders; it is usually exported either as whole
milk or skim milk powder, or as condensed milk. When it is exported as
whole milk powder, it is reconstituted upon delivery, usually at the
ratio of 10 parts water to 1 part whole milk powder. Of the world’s
export of 1.08 billion metric tons of whole milk powder in 1994, the
developing world imported 885 million metric tons, or 82% of the total.
Nestlé
Corp., S.A., based in Vevey and Cham (near Geneva), Switzerland, and
Borden, Inc., based in Columbus, Ohio, are the two largest exporters of
whole milk powder in the world. Founded in 1867, Nestlé grew
significantly in 1905, when it merged with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed
Milk Company, also of Switzerland. Nestlé S.A. illustrates the food
cartel’s global reach: It is the number-one world trader in whole milk
powder and condensed milk; the number-one seller of chocolate,
confectionery products, and mineral water (it owns Perrier); and the
number-three U.S.-based coffee firm. Its products include Nestlé
chocolate and candy; Libby fruit juice; Carnation Condensed Milk;
Buitoni spaghetti; Contadina tomato paste; Hills Brothers and Nescafé
coffees; and Stouffers’ restaurants and frozen foods. (It also owns 26%
of the world’s biggest cosmetic company, L’Oreal.) All told, it is the
biggest food company in the world. In 1994, there were 13 countries in
which Nestlé had sales of 1 billion Swiss francs or more, including all
advanced sector nations. Its total 1994 sales were SF 56.9 billion, or
$45.5 billion. Its 1994 profits were $4.8 billion, bigger than all but a
half-dozen companies.
Nestlé
chairman Helmut Maucher is on the board of J.P. Morgan, British
intelligence’s leading bank in the United States. Its board of directors
serves as a retirement home for the world’s central bankers: Fritz
Leutwiller, former chairman of the Basel, Switzerland Bank for
International Settlements, the central bank of central banks, is on
Nestlé’s board, as is Paul Volcker, who, as chairman of the U.S. Federal
Reserve Board in 1979 and the early 1980s, put the world economy
through what was referred to as “controlled disintegration.”
Borden
is the second biggest milk powder producer, through its KLIM milk
powder division. It is also one of the world’s biggest condensed milk
producers, through its Eagle Brand sweetened condensed milk. In 1995,
Borden was bought by the leveraged buy-out firm of Kohlberg Kravis
Roberts, which is headed by Henry Kravis, who was finance committee
co-chairman of George Bush’s 1992 Presidential campaign. As a result of
the 1988 merger of R.JU. Reynolds and Nabsico, KKR now owns 33% of, and
effectively controls, RJR Nabisco, which produces nine of the top ten
cookies and crackers brands sold in America. KKR also owns a portion of
Beatrice Foods, a conglomerate, which makes KKR one of the top five food
companies in the world.
Completing
the picture of world control of whole milk powder is Unilever, a large
player in this area as well as the number-one world producer of ice
cream and margarine. Typifying the Anglo-Dutch oligarchy’s joint control
over raw materials, Unilever, which is the result of a 1930 merger of a
British and a Dutch firm, has headquarters in London and Amsterdam. On
the Unilever board is Lord Wright of Richmond, GCMG. From 1986 through
1991, he was head of Britain’s Diplomatic Service and also permanent
undersecretary of state at the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
Lord Wright is also a director of Barclay’s Bank, which is a major
funder of Prince Philip’s World Wide Fund for Nature.
Unilever
is an example of how the different corporate entities operate as part
of one interlocked syndicate. The former chairman of Unilever, M.F. Van
den Moven, now sits on the board of the other Anglo-Dutch giant, Royal
Dutch Shell Petroleum, the world’s largest marketer of oil and a
controlling force in the energy cartel.
Meat:
The cartel’s four major export source regions (the United States; the
European Union; the British Commonwealth countries of New Zealand,
Australia, and Canada; and the Ibero-American nations Argentina and
Brazil) exert enormous dominance over meat exports. As well, a Chinese
bloc of China, Taiwan, and Hongkong (the last nation a re-exporter) is
important in pork and poultry exports.
Figure 7
shows that for 1994, the cartel’s basic food export regions commanded
85% of the world’s export of beef and veal of 4.95 million metric tons;
when the Chinese market is added in, these regions commanded 92% of the
world’s export trade of 2.1 million tons of pork, and 93% of the world’s
export trade of 5.84 million metric tons of poultry. The export of pork
and poultry in China and Taiwan is increasingly run by the food cartel.
Four
of the cartel’s biggest companies in beef export are Cargill, Archer
Daniels Midland/Töpfer, ConAgra/Peavey, and Iowa Beef Processors, now
called IBP. The Dakota City, Nebraska-based IBP exemplifies how the
oligarchy employs its corporate offshoots. Once owned by Armand Hammer’s
Occidental Petroleum Co., today 13% of the stock of IBP is owned by FMR
Corp., the holding company for Fidelity Investments, the largest family
of mutual funds in the United States, which is run by the Boston
Brahmin oligarchical families. FMR is interlocked with other parts of
the Windsor cartel—it is a large owner of raw material cartel companies,
including shares of 5% or more of Homestake Mining, Coeur D’Alene
Mines, and Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corp., three of the world’s largest
gold mining companies.
Through
IBP, the food cartel is intervening in the U.S. Presidential elections,
giving heavy backing to the “free enterprise” Presidential campaign of
Sen. Phil Gramm (R-Tex.). On IBP’s board of directors is Alec Courtalis,
a Florida real estate magnate who was national finance co-chairman of
the 1992 Bush-Quayle campaign, and is currently chairman of the
futuristic Armand Hammer United World College and finance committee
chairman of the Gramm for President campaign. In addition, Gramm’s wife,
Wendy Gramm, is an IBP board member. From 1988 to 1993, Wendy Gramm
chaired the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, during which time the
CFTC rigged the explosive growth in speculative derivatives instruments.
Edible oils and fats:
The United States, the European Union, and Argentina and Brazil
thoroughly dominate the export market in the soybean and its
by-products, the most basic source of edible oils and fats. Figure 8
documents that the food cartel export source sectors are the masters of
90% of the international trade in soybeans, of 32.1 million metric tons
per year; 90% of the international trade in soybean meal, of 31.1
million metric tons; and, along with British Commonwealth member India,
92% of the 31.1 million metric tons of soybean meal exports.
According
to spokesmen for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, as well as private
industry, the same six companies that dominate the international grain
trade also dominate the international trade in soybeans and by-products.
The one additional cartel member company which is influential in the
soybean trade, and which is smaller than the leading six companies, is
S.I. Joseph Co. of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Burton Joseph, chairman of
this company, is a former national chairman and a leading member of the
Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith. He is a longtime enemy of Lyndon
LaRouche.
Feed and seed:
The cartel also controls feed for animals and seed for planting.
British Petroleum, through its Nutrition division, is the largest feed
producer in Europe. Having bought Purina Mills from Ralston Purina
Company, British Petroleum, one of the House of Windsor’s key energy
companies, is now the second largest feed producer in America. Cargill,
the world’s largest grain exporter, through its Nutrena Feed division,
is also the biggest producer of animal feed and hybrid seed in the
world, while Continental Grain, through its Wayne Feed division, is one
of the biggest producers of feed and a major force in hybrid seed
production.
Domestic markets
The
cartel exercises an iron hand over the domestic agricultural economies
of nations, especially those that comprise the four export source
regions of the food cartel. This is exercised through the processing
industries: If one controls the processing industries, one controls
domestic trade. Except for use as animal feed, corn, wheat, and soybean
cannot be eaten in their unrefined form (excluding sweet corn, which is
eaten by humans, but which is a minuscule percentage of the annual corn
harvest). The grain, or soybean (which is a legume), must be processed.
The same is true of meat, which must be slaughtered and cut, before it
is fit for human consumption.
This
is where the processing-milling industries, in the case of grains and
soybean, and the packing/slaughtering industries, in the case of meat,
come in.
Taking America as the test case, in order to make the case generally, one can see the cartel’s domination.
For example, Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12,
demonstrate that the main grain companies of the oligarchy’s food
cartel control 71% of the milling of America’s flour; 57% of the dry
milling of America’s corn; 74% of the wet milling of America’s corn; and
76% of the crushing of America’s soybeans.
(In
the dry milling of corn, the corn is turned into corn meal, muffins,
corn flakes, etc. In the wet milling of corn, the corn is turned into
sweetener, starch, alcohol, ethanol, etc. Of America’s corn crop of 7.4
million bushels, 5.6 million bushels will be consumed as animal feed;
1.5 million bushels will be wet milled; and 0.3 million bushels will be
dry milled.)
Figures 13, 14, and 15
confirm that the largest meat companies in the food cartel (IBP,
ConAgra, Cargill, and two smaller companies) control 72% of America’s
beef slaughtering/packing; 45% of its pork slaughtering/packing; and 70%
of its sheep slaughtering/packing. The meatpacking industry
demonstrates the accelerated rate at which the cartel is building its
concentration in these industries. In 1979, the top four packers
controlled 41% of the industry. Today, they control 72%.
Finally, as Figure 16
shows, four of the six leading grain cartel companies own 24% of
America’s grain elevator storage capacity. However, this figure is
deceptive. Many of the grain elevators in America are in local areas,
where there is a substantial degree of individual or cooperative
ownership. When one gets to regional grain elevators, the grain cartel’s
ownership percentage is higher. And at ports, where grain is
transshipped, the same four grain cartel companies own 59% of all
American grain elevator facilities.
A
farmer must sell his grain either to a grain elevator, or, in the rarer
case where he can afford transport, to a grain miller. In either case,
it is a grain cartel company to which he must sell. By this process, the
grain cartel sets the price to the farmer—at the lowest level possible.
The control apparatus
The
control of food for use as a weapon is an ancient practice. The House
of Windsor inherited certain routes and infrastructure. One finds the
practice in ancient Babylon/Mesopotamia 4,000 years ago. In Greece, the
cults of Apollo, Demeter, and Rhea-Cybele often controlled the shipment
of grain and other food stuffs, through the temples. In Imperial Rome,
the control of grain became the basis of the empire. Rome was the
center. Conquered outlying colonies in Gaul, Brittany, Spain, Sicily,
Egypt, North Africa, and the Mediterranean littoral had to ship grain to
the noble Roman families, as taxes and tribute. Often the grain tax was
greater than the land could bear, and areas of North Africa, for
instance, were turned into dust bowls.
The
evil city-state of Venice took over grain routes, particularly after
the Fourth Crusade (1202-04). The main Venetian thirteenth century
trading routes had their eastern termini in Constantinople, the ports of
the Oltremare (which were the lands of the crusading States), and
Alexandria, Egypt. Goods from these ports were shipped to Venice, and
from there made their way up the Po Valley to markets in Lombardy, or
over the Alpine passes to the Rhône and into France. Eventually,
Venetian trade extended to the Mongol empire in the East.
By
the fifteenth century, although Venice was still very much a merchant
empire, it had franchised some of its grain and other trade to the
powerful Burgundian duchy, whose effective headquarters was Antwerp.
This empire, encompassing parts of France, extended from Amsterdam and
Belgium to much of present-day Switzerland. From this
Venetian-Lombard-Burgundian nexus, each of the food cartel’s six leading
grain companies was either founded, or inherited a substantial part of
its operations today.
By
the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the British Levant and East
India companies had absorbed many of these Venetian operations. In the
nineteenth century, the London-based Baltic Mercantile and Shipping
Exchange became the world’s leading instrument for contracting for and
shipping grain.
The
five privately held grain companies were carved out from the
centuries-old Mesopotamian-Venetian-Burgundian-Swiss-Amsterdam grain
route, which today extends around the world. The Big Five are Cargill,
Continental, Louis Dreyfus, Bunge and Born, and André. The Continental
Grain Company is run by billionaire Michel Fribourg and his son Paul.
Simon Fribourg started the company in 1813 in Arlon, Belgium. He moved
the company to Antwerp, and then, in the 1920s, to Paris and London.
Today, it has a New York office, along with a strong Swiss-French base.
In
1852, Léopold Louis Dreyfus, who was born in Sierentz, France,
established wheat-trading operations in Basel, Switzerland. In this
century, except during World War II, Louis Dreyfus has been
headquartered in Paris (part of the old Lombard-Burgundian route).
Bunge
and Born was founded by the Bunge family from Amsterdam in 1752. The
company was eventually moved to Antwerp (today it is technically
headquartered in São Paulo, Brazil and the Netherlands Antilles). The
André Company was founded by Georges André in Nyon, Switzerland, and
today is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Cargill
Company, the world’s largest grain company, is based in the
Minneapolis, Minnesota suburb of Minnetonka. It was founded by Scotsman
William Cargill, in Conover, Iowa in 1865, and has been run, since the
1920s, by the billionaire MacMillan family. But the true nexus of
Cargill is in Geneva, Switzerland, where Cargill’s international trading
arm, Tradax, Inc., is headquartered, having been established there in
1956 (technically, Tradax is a Panamanian-registered company). Tradax
has divisions all around the world, including in Argentina, Germany, and
Japan. It is the major source for Cargill’s international trading;
Cargill has a lot of money invested in it, and Cargill reaps a large
return from Tradax’s operations. Tradax also has partial Swiss
ownership. The Lombard, Odier Bank, as well as the Pictet Bank, both
old, private and very dirty Swiss banks, own a chunk of Tradax. The
principal financier for Tradax is the Geneva-based Crédit Suisse, which
is one of the world’s largest money-launderers.
Archer
Daniels Midland’s purchase of Töpfer, a Hamburg, Germany-based grain
company, vastly increased ADM’s presence in the world grain trade.
Töpfer’s trade is situated within the old Venice-Swiss-Amsterdam-Paris
routes, and it has extensive business partnerships with the British
Crown jewel, the Rothschild Bank.
Secret intelligence
The
manner in which the grain cartel companies operate is highly secretive.
All but ADM-Töpfer are private companies, and Bush ally and former
Cargill employee Dwayne Andreas runs ADM as his personal fiefdom.
A
strategic profile of each of the leading food cartel companies is
contained in the following article, but it is worth noting here a few
critical points about how they work. Much of their workings is shrouded
in mystery, because they release little information to the public.
People who have attempted to write books about the grain companies have
spent years without getting a single interview from any of the reigning
grain company families. Unlike many American companies, where the
founding family has long since departed the scene, such as in the case
of Morgan bank or Chrysler Corp., the grain cartel companies are run by
the same families that have run them for centuries. The inter-married
MacMillan and Cargill families run Cargill; the Fribourg family runs
Continental; the Louis Dreyfus family runs Louis Dreyfus; the André
family runs André; and the Hirsch and Born families run Bunge and Born.
However, the little that has been gleaned is very revealing. In 1979, Dan Morgan wrote The Merchants of Grain,
about the world grain trade. He disclosed that Cargill’s Geneva-based
trading arm, Tradax, operates not only such as to park sales of grain in
order to escape taxes in the United States and most countries, but it
confounds anyone trying to follow Cargill’s grain movements. In his
book, Morgan reported:
“When
Cargill sells a cargo of corn to a Dutch animal-feed manufacturer, the
grain is shipped down the Mississippi River, put aboard a vessel at
Baton Rouge and sent to Rotterdam. On paper, however … its route is more
elaborate. Cargill first sells the corn to Tradax International in
Panama, which will ‘hire’ Tradax/Geneva as its agent; Tradax/Geneva then
might arrange the sale to a Dutch miller through its subsidiary,
Tradax/Holland; any profits would be booked to Tradax/Panama, a
tax-haven company, and Tradax/Geneva would earn only a ‘management fee’
for brokering the deal between Tradax/Panama and Tradax/Holland.”
While
evading taxes and inspection, Cargill also uses its network to move
large shipments of goods anywhere on the globe, on split-second notice.
It has an in-house intelligence service that matches the CIA’s: It uses
global communication satellites, weather-sensing satellites, a database
that utilizes 7,000 primary sources of intelligence, several hundred
field offices, etc.
Cargill
is representative of all of the grain companies, and a brief
examination of it gives insight into all the others. Cargill, which had
$51 billion in annual sales in 1994, has a dominant position in many
aspects of the world food trade. It is the world’s and the United
States’ number-one grain exporter, and has a market share of 25-30% in
each of several commodities. It is the world’s number-one cotton trader;
the number-one U.S. owner of grain elevators (340); the number-one U.S.
manufacturer of corn-based, high-protein animal feeds (through
subsidiary Nutrena Mills); the number-two U.S. wet corn miller and U.S.
soybean crusher; the number-two Argentine grain exporter (10% of
market); the number-three U.S. flour miller (18% of market), U.S.
meatpacker (18% of market), U.S. pork packer/slaughterer, and U.S.
commercial animal feeder; the number-three French grain exporter (15-18%
of the market); and the number-six U.S. turkey producer. It also has a
fleet of 420 barges, 11 towboats, 2 huge vessels that sail the Great
Lakes, 12 ocean-going ships, 2,000 railroad hopper cars, and 2,000 tank
cars.
Cargill
has been able to place its people in top posts around the world. Daniel
Amstutz, a 25-year Cargill man, was U.S. Undersecretary of Agriculture
for International Affairs and Commodity Programs in 1983-87, from which
post he decided on the export policy of U.S. grains. He later became a
leader of the U.S. trade commission in the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade (GATT) negotiations on agricultural trade. Meanwhile, the head
of Bunge and Born, Nestor Rapanelli, became Argentina’s economics
minister within weeks of Carlos Menem coming in as Argentine President
in 1989. Rapanelli began shifting Argentina from “State intervention to a
‘market driven’ economy.”
Today,
Cargill Company is privately owned and run by the MacMillan family. The
MacMillan family’s collective wealth, at $5.1 billion, according to the
July 17, 1994 Forbes magazine, is larger than that of the
better-known Mellon family. The MacMillans have always been of service
to the British. John Hugh MacMillan, president of Cargill from 1936 to
1957, and then chairman from 1957 through 1960, held the title of
“hereditary Knight Commander of Justice in the Sovereign Order of St.
John (Knights of Malta),” one of the British Crown’s most important
orders.
The drive to the East
The
food cartel continues to consolidate its worldwide control in the face
of the oncoming financial disintegration. In the past four years, the
food cartel has bought up many milling-processing plants and bakeries
throughout the former Soviet Union and East bloc, bringing these nations
under tight food control. Recently, IBP moved to dump cheap Mexican
meat there, in order to bankrupt beef producers. The Clinton Agriculture
Department has brought them up for investigation.
The
food cartel has also built up its control, in the food distribution
industries, through such combines as Philip Morris, Grand
Metropolitan-Pillsbury, and KKR-RJR-Nabisco-Borden. In the case of
Philip Morris, which owns Kraft Foods, General Foods (Post cereals), the
Miller Brewing Company, and a host of other brand names, 10¢ of every
$1 that an American spends on brand-name food items is for a Philip
Morris product.
The
food cartel’s power must be broken. This year, the U.S. Justice
Department’s Anti-Trust division launched an investigation into
price-fixing in the case of corn-based fructose and lysine, by Archer
Daniels Midland and some of the other food cartel companies. The case,
if brought to trial, could provide valuable information and help to
expose and possibly halt, in a limited way, a few of ADM’s practices.
But the Anglo-Dutch-Swiss cartel is playing for high stakes—the ability
to constrain the supply of raw materials, and above all, food, to turn
back the clock of history, and reduce mankind from the 5.6 billion
population it currently enjoys to the state of a few hundred million
semi-literate souls scratching out a bare existence.
That assault cannot be fought timidly. The full truth about the food cartel must be known.
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