ISEPP Statement on the Connection Between Psychotropic Drugs and Mass Murder
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR ETHICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
Statement on the Connection Between Psychotropic Drugs and Mass Murder
The
Board of Directors and membership of the International Society For
Ethical Psychology and Psychiatry send condolences to the people of
Newtown, Connecticut on their horrific losses. Our hearts go out to the
parents of the children who were killed and to the families and friends
of the adults who were killed.
We
are calling for an inquiry into the connection between these acts of
mass murder and the use of psychotropic drugs. Although the media have
cited family members and acquaintances saying Adam Lanza was taking
prescription drugs to treat “a neurological-development disorder”, we do
not know if he was on psychotropic drugs. But we do know that James
Holmes, the Colorado batman shooter, had taken 100 milligrams of Vicodin
immediately before he shot up the movie theatre (1).
And we do know that:
Christopher Pittman was on antidepressants when he killed his grandparents (2).
Eric
Harris, one of the gunmen in the Columbine school shooting, was taking
Luvox and Dylan Klebold, his partner, had taken Zoloft and Paxil (3).
Doug Williams, who killed five and wounded nine of his fellow Lockheed Martin employees, was on Zoloft and Celexa (4).
Michael
McDermott was on three antidepressants when he fired off 37 rounds and
killed seven of his fellow employees in the Massachusetts Wakefield
massacre (5).
Kip Kinkel was on Prozac when he killed his parents and then killed 2 children and wounded 25 at a nearby school (6).
In
fourteen recent school shoots, the acts were committed by persons
taking or withdrawing from psychiatric drugs, resulting in over 100
wounded and 58 killed (7).
In
other school shootings, information about the shooter’s prescription
drug use and other medical history were kept from public records (7).
This
connection between psychotropic drugs and mass murder is not
coincidental. There is enough evidence that antidepressants cause
increased risk of suicide and violence for the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration and its Canadian counterpart to require that drug
companies include a “black box” warning to that effect on their
packages. Our first knowledge of this association between psychotropic
drugs and violence came from studies completed in the early 1950s,
(8). This was supported by research completed on antidepressants in the
mid-1970s, (9). More recent studies have corroborated this association
between antidepressants and homicide/suicide, (10,
17). Antidepressants, specifically Paxil, appear to more than double
the risk of hostility events in adult and pediatric placebo-controlled
trials (11).
All
of the classes of psychiatric drugs can cause violent, irrational,
and/or manic behavior. Among other effects, these drugs cause a
neurological condition called “akathesia,” which means that persons who
take them can’t sit still and feel like they are jumping out of their
skin. They behave in an agitated manner which they cannot control and
experience unbearable rage, delusions, and disassociation. For a
detailed explanation of the neurology, chemistry, and physiology of
akathesia, see Rethinking Psychiatric Drugs: A Guide to Informed
Consent by Dr. Grace Jackson (8).
Psychotropic
drugs – antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers – impair the
ability of people to accurately and effectively process emotions. They
take away caring. They dull conscience. In his book Listening to
Prozac, psychiatrist Peter Kramer reported that his patients on Prozac
didn’t care as much. They lost some of their conscience. This made it
easier for them to do things that were hurtful to other people (12).
In
his book Medication Madness, psychiatrist Peter Breggin presents
evidence of how psychotropic drugs cause people to lose awareness of how
they are behaving and to lose control over their behavior. Such people
are at greatly increased risk of committing acts of crime and violence
(13).
Psychotropic
drugs are toxic to the children and adults who take them. Psychiatrist
Grace Jackson writes that “with the possible exception of the
chemotherapies used in the treatment of cancer, it would be difficult to
identify a class of medications as toxic as antipsychotics.” (14). The
psychiatric drugs that we give to our children and adults in the United
States have significant “side effects” including apathy, abnormal
dreams, acute respiratory distress, akathesia, agitation, aggression,
agoraphobia, paranoia, assorted blood pressure and heart problems,
breast enlargement in young boys, measurable brain damage, cerebral
atrophy, disinhibition, hostility, homicidal and suicidal ideation,
convulsions, diabetes, Parkinsons symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, tremors,
convulsions, psychosis, cerebral vascular accident, inability to
express emotion, lethargy, increased chronicity of emotional problems,
early dementia and early death (8,9,10,14).
We
understand that many factors are involved in acts of mass murder. We
are not suggesting that psychotropic drugs are the only or the major
factor. But we do know there have been 22 international drug regulatory
warnings about the impact of psychotropic drugs on suicidal and
homicidal ideation, mania, violence and hostility (15). We do believe
that there is enough evidence of the association between psychotropic
drugs and mass murder to warrant an inquiry. And we believe that
psychological autopsy and complete review of all medical records should
be standard operating procedure in the investigations of these
tragedies.
In
spite of the evidence of this connection between psychotropic drugs and
mass murder, the mainstream media has failed to write about it or
investigate it. Psychiatrist David Healy says: “Violence and other
potentially criminal behavior caused by prescription drugs are
medicine’s best kept secret. Never before in the fields of medicine and
law have there been so many events with so much concealed data and so
little focused expertise” (16). Neither has there been an
investigation by our Federal government into this connection. It is
time to open the data and focus our expertise on this issue.
In
closing, we again express our sadness at the murder of children and
adults at Sandy Hook Elementary School and extend our best wishes during
this period of grief.
References:
(1) Allen, N., Colorado shooting: James Holmes appears in court. The Telegraph (London, U.K.). July 23, 2012
(2) Meier,
B., A drug on trial: Justice and science; Boy’s murder case entangled
in fight over antidepressants. New York Times. August 23, 2004
(3) Achenbach, J. & Russakoff, D., Teen shooter’s life paints antisocial portrait. Washington Post. April 29, 1999
(4) Carmichael, F., Anatomy of a nightmare: Tracing events of a tragic Tuesday. The Meridian (FL)Star. July 13, 2003
(5) Johnson, K., In wake of killings: Strands of suspect’s life. New York Times. December 28, 2000
(6) Begley, S., When teens fall apart. Newsweek. May 9, 1999
(8) Jackson, G.R., (2005). Rethinking psychiatric drugs: A guide to informed consent. Bloomington, IN: Author House
(9) Avery,
D. & Winokur, G. (1976). Morbidity in depressed patients treated
with electroconvulsive therapy and antidepressants. Archives of General
Psychiatry. September, 1976
(10) Antonuccio, D.O. & Healy, D (2012). Relabeling the medications we call antidepressants.Scientifica. Vol. 2012
(11) Healy,
D., Herxheimer, A. & Menkes, D.B. (2006). Antidepressants and
violence: Problems at the interface of medicine and law. PLoS Medicine
3(9), e372
(12) Kramer, P. (1997). Listening to Prozac. New York: Penguin
(13) Breggin,
P. (2009). Medication madness: The role of psychiatric drugs in cases
of violence, suicide and crime. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin
(14) Jackson, G.R. (2009). Drug-induced dementia: A perfect crime. Bloomington, IN: Author House
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