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Susan Rice, the candidate believed to be favored by
President Obama to become the next Secretary of State, holds significant
investments in more than a dozen Canadian oil companies and banks that
would stand to benefit from expansion of the North American tar sands
industry and construction of the proposed $7 billion
Keystone XL pipeline.
If confirmed by the Senate, one of Rice’s first duties likely would be
consideration, and potentially approval, of the controversial
mega-project.
Rice's financial holdings could raise
questions about her status as a neutral decision maker. The current
U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, Rice owns stock valued between
$300,000 and $600,000 in TransCanada, the company seeking a federal
permit to transport tar sands crude 1,700 miles to refineries on the
Texas Gulf Coast, crossing fragile Midwest ecosystems and the largest
freshwater aquifer in North America.
Beyond that, according to
financial disclosure reports,
about a third of Rice’s personal net worth is tied up in oil producers,
pipeline operators, and related energy industries north of the 49th
parallel -- including companies with poor environmental and safety
records on both U.S. and Canadian soil. Rice and her husband own at
least $1.25 million worth of stock in four of Canada’s eight leading oil
producers, as ranked by
Forbes magazine. That includes Enbridge, which spilled
more than a million gallons of toxic bitumen into Michigan’s Kalamazoo River in 2010 --
the largest inland oil spill in U.S. history.
Rice
also has smaller stakes in several other big Canadian energy firms, as
well as the country’s transportation companies and coal-fired utilities.
Another 20 percent or so of her personal wealth is derived from
investments in five Canadian banks. These are some of the institutions
that
provide loans and financial backing to TransCanada and its competitors for tar sands extraction and major infrastructure projects, such as Keystone XL and
Enbridge’s proposed Northern Gateway pipeline, which would stretch 700 miles from Alberta to the Canadian coast.
“It’s
really amazing that they’re considering someone for Secretary of State
who has millions invested in these companies,” said Bill McKibben, a
writer and founder of the activist groups
350.org and
Tar Sands Action,
which have organized protests against the Keystone XL project. “The
State Department has been rife with collusion with the Canadian pipeline
builders, and it’s really distressing to have any sense that that might
continue to go on.” Emails obtained by an environmental group last year
show what critics call a “
cozy and complicitous relationship”
between State Department officials and a lobbyist for TransCanada, who
was also a former deputy campaign director for current Secretary of
State Hillary Clinton's failed 2008 presidential bid. The agency also
assigned an environmental impact review of the Keystone project to a
company with financial ties to TransCanada.
As
ambassador to the United Nations, Rice has not been directly involved
in the State Department’s Keystone XL review, which came to a head at
the end of 2011. After initially indicating it would likely approve
TransCanada’s application, the State Department
ordered a review of alternate routes
to avoid putting critical water sources in Nebraska at risk. The move,
which officials said would likely push the approval process back to the
first three months of 2013,
was an attempt to spare the Obama administration a politically risky decision just before an election year.
Greenlighting the pipeline would have hurt the president with environmental advocates --
more than 1,200 people were arrested
in anti-Keystone protests led by McKibben at the White House in Summer
2011. But denying it outright would have given Republicans an election
year attack line, saying Obama had cost the nation much-needed jobs
(although
independent studies have shown
that TransCanada’s job creation claims for the pipeline are greatly
exaggerated). As it was, the president still received significant heat,
and Mitt Romney pledged to
approve the pipeline on Day 1 if he had won the election.
Were
she to become Secretary of State, Rice would be in charge of the new
environmental review process and would be in a position to decide
whether to issue TransCanada a permit for sections of Keystone XL
stretching from Oklahoma to the Canadian border. (The pipeline’s
southernmost leg has already been approved and is under construction in
Texas -- with
protesters perching in trees and chaining themselves to construction equipment in an attempt to stop it.)
According to the
Center for Responsive Politics,
Rice’s net worth sat somewhere between $23.5 million and $43.5 million
in 2009, the latest year for which the center has done a full analysis
of her finances. That makes her either the wealthiest person currently
serving in the executive branch or a close second to Clinton. (The
uncertainty surrounding these figures is due to the way officials are
required to disclose their investments; instead of declaring the
specific amount of stock they own, they are required by law only to
declare a range.)
Other public officials have been
criticized for pushing for the Keystone XL project while standing to
benefit financially. The nonprofit Sunlight Foundation watchdog group
reported in December 2011
that four members of Congress who own shares in TransCanada had pressed
for the pipeline’s approval -- either by supporting bills that would
have forced the State Department to issue a permit or by writing to
Clinton or Obama, urging them to give the go-ahead. Rice’s ownership of
TransCanada stock was
noted by the Sunlight Foundation but not considered a conflict of interest at the time, because she had no direct role in the approval process.
Neither Rice’s office nor the White House returned OnEarth’s calls for comment about her financial holdings.
It’s unclear when Rice began investing in Canadian energy and banks, but the Stanford University graduate and Rhodes Scholar
worked for the prestigious McKinsey & Company consulting firm’s Toronto office from 1990 to 1993,
marrying Canadian-born TV producer Ian Cameron
in 1992. She then joined the National Security Council under President
Bill Clinton. (Financial disclosure forms aren’t available for Rice’s
security council tenure; by law,
they’re destroyed after six years.)
Rice later became President Clinton’s assistant secretary of state for
African affairs, then joined the nonprofit Brookings Institution think
tank during the George W. Bush administration. She advised both the
Kerry and Obama presidential campaigns on foreign policy.
According
to the reports she filed in May 2012, Rice and her husband have a
wide-ranging portfolio that includes more than 100 securities, such as
IBM, Monsanto, Apple, BP, and McDonald’s. Dan Auble, a researcher at
the
Center for Responsive Politics
who studies the personal finances of public officials, said it’s not
unusual to see energy investments play a significant role in their
financial portfolios, as they do with Rice and her husband. (Auble said
the holdings of a public official’s spouse are included in financial
disclosure reports because they have the same potential to create a
conflict of interest.) In their case, however, nine of the 14 holdings
they claimed that top $500,000 are Canadian energy interests or banks.
If
Rice does get the Secretary of State job, federal ethics officials
could recommend that she sell her stock in TransCanada and related
companies before deciding on Keystone XL, Auble said. But that’s not a
sure thing.
Leading Keystone opponents say they
wouldn’t necessarily oppose Rice’s nomination -- but they would want
someone else in charge of deciding the pipeline’s fate. “It would be one
of the first decisions she would make, and she’s not qualified to make
an unbiased decision,” said Jane Kleeb, the executive director of
Bold Nebraska, a group that has fought to block the Keystone XL pipeline.
“It’s one more clear sign that the State Department should not be handling this,” added McKibben (who is also an
OnEarth contributing editor).
Both advocates believe the Environmental Protection Agency or the White
House Council on Environmental Quality would be more qualified to
assess the environmental impacts of Keystone XL. But an executive order
issued by President George W. Bush in April 2004
makes the Secretary of State responsible
for approving pipelines that cross the U.S. border. Kleeb suggested
that Obama could change that order to shift the decision-making
responsibility elsewhere.
Environmental advocates (including the
Natural Resources Defense Council, which publishes
OnEarth) have sought to block
the Keystone XL pipeline
and further development of the Alberta tar sands fields due to their
climate impact and potential for pollution and dangerous oil spills.
Extracting bitumen -- a heavy, viscous black oil -- requires intensive
open-pit mining in the heart of Canada’s boreal forest. More dirty and
corrosive than conventional crude, bitumen requires extensive refining
to become useable fuel. The entire process uses vast amounts of energy
and water and creates three times the global warming pollution of
conventional fuel, while shipping the bitumen through pipelines
means an additional risk of corrosion and leaks.
According to her
most recent financial disclosure reports,
along with her TransCanada investments, Rice and her husband own at
least $1.5 million worth of stock in Enbridge (Canada’s No. 3 oil
producer, according to
Forbes), Cenovus (No. 7), and Encana (No.
8), as well as at least $1.25 million in Imperial (No. 2), $50,000 to
$100,000 in Suncor (No. 1), and $15,000 to $50,000 in Canadian Natural
(No. 6). (TransCanada is ranked at No. 5 by
Forbes.) The couple
has at least $1.25 million invested in Transalta, Alberta's largest
coal-fired electricity power producer, and at least $1.5 million in
Canadian Pacific Railway,
which transports coal, oil, and gas and has been a major financial beneficiary of the North American energy boom.
On
the banking side, Rice has investments totaling at least $5 million and
up to $11.25 million in Bank of Montreal, Bank of Nova Scotia, Canadian
Imperial Bank of Commerce, Royal Bank of Canada, and Toronto Dominion. A
report by the Dutch consulting firm Profundo Economic Research says
several of these same banks are largely responsible
for underwriting the expansion of Canada’s tar sands industry.
“Investment in tar sands infrastructure now surpasses that of
manufacturing across all of Canada,” according to the report.
Which
means that regardless of Keystone XL’s fate, Canadian companies will
continue to seek ways to pump bitumen from northern Canada to coastal
refineries and ports, where it can be shipped to Europe, China, and
other overseas markets. NRDC and other environmental groups
have presented evidence that Enbridge is making plans
to reverse a pipeline that currently carries regular crude from the New
England coast to Montreal, and use it to ship tar sands oil in the
other direction instead.
Since it crosses the U.S.-Canadian border, that plan would also require State Department approval.
OnEarth
editor-at-large Ted Genoways contributed to this report.
UPDATE 11/29/12:
Responding to the report about Rice's financial holdings, Susan
Casey-Lefkowitz, NRDC's director of international programs, said
Thursday: "What's most important is that she rid herself of her holdings
in TransCanada and other tar sands-related companies, and we're
confident she will do that." Casey-Lefkowitz said taking the Keystone XL
decision out of the State Department's hands, as other anti-pipeline
advocates have urged, wouldn't necessarily be a solution because
numerous federal agencies need to provide input on the process. "What's
most important is that we have a good, thorough review done,"
Casey-Lefkowitz said. The State Department's previous evaluation of the
project was inadequate, she said, because it didn't take into account
the potential climate impacts, pipeline safety issues, or harm to air
and water quality from refining tar sands oil.
Rice connected to Keystone pipeline company
Evan Vucci/AP -
UN Ambassador Susan Rice and her husband are major
shareholders in TransCanada, the company that’s trying to build the
Keystone XL pipeline.
If Susan E. Rice becomes Secretary
of State, she might have to recuse herself from one of the first and
most controversial decisions she would face: the Keystone XL oil
pipeline permit.
The reason: Rice and her husband are major shareholders in the
pipeline company as well as a variety of Canadian companies that are
involved in exploiting the oil sands region of Alberta, which would feed
the Keystone XL and benefit from a new outlet.
Steven J. Mufson
SPECIAL REPORT | Three journalists traveled the proposed pipeline route. Learn more about their journey.
Video
President Obama had a meeting with his full
cabinet for the first time since the election. He said turnover has been
low during his first term because people have done good jobs. He also
voiced support for Susan Rice at the United Nations.
The couple owns $300,000 to $600,000 of stock in TransCanada,
the pipeline firm, and they own stakes of more than $1.25 million each
in four Canadian companies — Imperial, Encana, Enbridge and Cenovus —
that have been active in the oil sands region of northern Alberta.
Enbridge is also the company whose pipeline ruptured and spilled crude
into the Kalamazoo River in Michigan last year.
Rice and her
husband also own shares of major Canadian banks that are expected to
provide financing for the Keystone XL project. They own between $50,000
and $100,000 of shares in Suncor, another oil sands company, and more
than $1.25 million of shares in Transalta, the Alberta’s electric power
producer.
Rice, who is the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations
and considered the leading candidate to become President Obama’s nominee
for State, listed the holdings in her most recent disclosure statement,
covering the 2011 calendar year. The information was highlighted in an article published on the Web site of the Natural Resources Defense Council’s OnEarth magazine. The NRDC is opposed to the construction of the $7 billion pipeline.
“We
oppose the Keystone XL,” said NRDC associate director of communications
Bob Deans. “It would send some of the dirtiest oil on the planet
through the breadbasket of America to be shipped overseas from the Gulf
of Mexico. It’s not in our national interest: it’s a profit scheme for
big oil.”
There is nothing inappropriate about the investments,
and Rice’s connections to Canada go back 20 years, when she was working
in the Toronto office of the McKinsey & Co. consulting firm and her husband, Ian Cameron,
was a television producer there for the Canadian Broadcasting Co.
Cameron, who like Rice graduated from Stanford University, is from
Canada.
Rice and Cameron are well off. They were worth between
$23.5 million and $43.5 million in 2009, according to the Center for
Responsive Politics. (Those figures were also highlighted on the OnEarth
Web site.)
In a statement, Rice’s spokeswoman, Erin Pelton said
“Ambassador Rice is in full compliance with all financial disclosure
requirements related to her service in the U.S. government and is
committed to continuing to meet these obligations.”
Rice has not been nominated for the position of Secretary of State,
although Obama has defended her qualifications for the job. If she did
become secretary of state, Rice could also sell the shares or put them
into a blind trust and try to retain her authority to issue or deny the
pipeline permit.
At a time when Obama is fighting Republicans
opposed to Rice, the financial disclosure form is likely to draw
scrutiny from Democrats and environmental activists who have been among
the president’s most reliable supporters.