Two al-Qaeda-affiliated groups fighting with Syrian rebels also targeted.
The designations follow a royal decree last month that mandated imprisonment up to 20 years for for Saudis belonging to terrorist groups or fighting abroad. A committee then drew up a list of banned groups, which King Abdullah approved, the Interior Ministry said Friday in an announcement carried by the official Saudi Press Agency.
The statement identified the other terrorist groups as al-Qaeda's branches in Yemen and Iraq, the Syrian al-Nusra Front, Saudi Hezbollah and Yemen's Shiite Hawthis. All Saudi citizens and foreign residents fighting with those groups were ordered to return within 15 days or face imprisonment.
"It should be noted that included also are any similar organizations with similar ideologies, discourses, and actions along with all those groups and factions noted on the lists of the Security Council and international bodies and are identified as terroristic and committed to violence," the Interior Ministry added.
The new law bans meetings of the groups inside or outside of the kingdom and covers comments made online or to media outlets. Amnesty International said Saudi authorities could use the law to suppress peaceful political dissent.
The Brotherhood condemned the Saudi action.
"It is one of the founding principles of the group not to interfere in matters of other states, and this new position from the kingdom is a complete departure from the past relationship with the group, since the reign of the founding king until now," the group said in a statement.
The House of Saud and other Gulf monarchies see the Brotherhood as a threat to their royal dynasties since the Islamists gained power and influence after the so-called Arab Spring.
Egypt banned the Muslim Brotherhood in December, five months after Islamist President Mohammed Morsi, a leading member, was deposed by the military and arrested. Since then, Gulf nations have cracked down on the organization, which is backed by Qatar.
In an unprecedented move Wednesday, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain recalled their ambassadors from Qatar.
Authorities worry that hundreds of young, radicalized Islamist fighters will return home and try to topple the royal regimes. But in Syria, the Saudi kingdom also backs some rebel groups with money and weapons.
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